Flooding that results from leaking pipes can be an indication of a system-wide problem. Often, these water leaks are addressed by means of “spot repairs.” However, spot repairs don't stop the corrosion, and become impractical and costly as the frequency and severity of pipe leaks progresses.
Copper Pipes
Copper pipes are particularly susceptible to pinhole leaks. This phenomenon (sometimes referred to as “slab leaks” when pipes are installed under cement slabs) is well documented and increasingly common.
Pinhole leaks are particularly problematic because:
- They may cause water damage to plaster and sheetrock walls, electrical systems, flooring, ceilings or furniture.
- Undetected water leakage may result in mold growth.
- Repairing or replacing copper pipe, because of limited access, is generally costly.
- Water damage claims may result in homeowners’ insurance premiums being raised, or non-renewal of policies.
Why do copper pipes develop pinhole leaks?
A pinhole leak is the final breakthrough on an area that has been affected by pitting. Pitting, a form of corrosion, can occur in both hard and soft water environments.
Pinhole leaks have been widely studied, but their cause not scientifically confirmed. It is known that a combination of water chemistry characteristics contribute to or speed up the pitting process.
Soft water, or water with a pH below 7, is acidic. This acidity will dissolve copper pipe walls and cause leaks to break through. In hard water, or water with a pH above 8, scale build up on the walls of the pipe will eventually lead to pitting, which will then lead to pinhole leaks.
Poor quality materials or installation can also be a cause of copper pipe leaks. Builders may have used lower grade copper or smaller diameter pipes than appropriate. Plumbers sometimes take short cuts that compromise pipes. A common example is “cold bending” where plumbers bend copper pipes to make turns instead of installing elbow joints. Bending weakens the copper at the bend and water will erode the pipe material, eventually causing leaks.